Rt. Hon. David Lange, former Prime Minister of New Zealand

正确的。光荣的。大卫兰格，新西兰前总理。

DAVID LANGE was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from1984 to 1989, During his time in office, Lange put New Zealand on the world stage with his consensus-building style of politics and his passionate commitment to nuclear disarmament. He was also responsible for some of the most significant social policy reforms of the past century, including dramatic reductions in unemployment, improved access to healthcare for everyone, and the introduction of free tertiary education.

大卫·兰格于 1984 年至 1989 年担任新西兰总理，在任期间，兰格以其建立共识的政治风格和对核裁军的热情承诺将新西兰推上了世界舞台。他还负责上个世纪一些最重要的社会政策改革，包括大幅减少失业、改善每个人获得医疗保健的机会以及引入免费高等教育。

Furthermore, Lange was a staunch advocate for Maori rights and self-determination, and he made strides towards greater parity between Maori and non-Maori in New Zealand.

此外，兰格是毛利人权利和自决的坚定拥护者，他在新西兰的毛利人和非毛利人之间取得了更大的平等。

Lange was known for his quick wit, sharp debating skills, and his passion for justice. As one of the most outspoken critics of the United States’ policy of nuclear deterrence, he had voiced his opinion in a famous Oxford Union Debate on nuclear weapons on 1st March 1985 ( https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/sound/oxford-union-debate and https://youtu.be/OeHTziiFVx0 )

兰格以其敏捷的机智、敏锐的辩论技巧和对正义的热情而闻名。作为对美国核威慑政策最直言不讳的批评者之一，他于 1985 年 3 月 1 日在著名的牛津联盟核武器辩论中发表了自己的观点 (https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/sound/oxford-union-debate 和 https://youtu.be/OeHTziiFVx0 ）

Transcript

他的讲话实录

Arguer for the negative: What I should like to know, sir, is why you don’t do the honourable and the consistent thing and pull out of the ANZUS alliance. For whether you are snuggling up to the bomb or living in the peaceful shadow of the bomb, New Zealand benefits, sir. And that’s the question with which we charge you. And that’s the question with which we would like an answer, sir.

David Lange: And I’m going to give it to you if you hold your breath just for a moment … I can smell the uranium on it as you lean towards me!

I want to pass over here the preparations which are constantly being made for the winnable or even survivable nuclear war. I would ignore those and wholeheartedly embrace the logic of the unthinkable war if it could be established that the damage which could result from the collapse of that logic could be confined to nuclear weapon states. Unfortunately and demonstrably, it would not. We in New Zealand, you know, used to be able to relax a bit, to be able to think that we would sit comfortably while the rest of the world seared, singed, withered. We were enraptured!

And the fact is that we used to have the vision of our being some kind of an antipodean Noah’s Ark, which would, from within its quite isolated preserve, spawn a whole new world of realistic humankind. Now, the fact is that we know that that is not achievable. We know that if the nuclear winter comes, we freeze; we join the rest of you. And that means that there is now a total denouement as far as any argument in favour of moral purpose goes. It is a strange, dubious and totally unaccepted moral purpose which holds the whole of the world to ransom.

否定论者：先生，我想知道的是，为什么你不做光荣而始终如一的事情并退出澳新银行联盟。先生，无论您是依偎在炸弹旁还是生活在和平的炸弹阴影下，新西兰都会受益。这就是我们向您提出的问题。先生，这就是我们想要回答的问题。
David Lange：如果你屏住呼吸片刻，我就会把它给你……当你靠向我时，我能闻到它上面的铀味！
我想在此略过为可打赢甚至可生存的核战争而不断进行的准备工作。如果可以确定这种逻辑崩溃可能导致的损害仅限于核武器国家，我会无视这些并全心全意地接受这场不可思议的战争的逻辑。不幸的是，事实证明，它不会。我们在新西兰，你知道，曾经能够放松一点，能够认为我们可以舒适地坐着，而世界其他地方则被灼伤、烧焦、枯萎。我们欣喜若狂！
事实上，我们过去常常幻想我们是某种对立的诺亚方舟，它会从其相当孤立的保护区内孕育出一个全新的现实人类世界。现在，事实是我们知道这是无法实现的。我们知道，如果核冬天来了，我们就会冻僵；我们加入你们其他人。这意味着就任何支持道德目的的论点而言，现在都有一个完整的结局。这是一个奇怪的、可疑的和完全不被接受的道德目的，它要求整个世界作为赎金。

David Lange was a fierce opponent of apartheid and spoke out against racism in all its forms. He was a tireless campaigner for social justice, and worked tirelessly to improve the lives of ordinary New Zealanders. Lange will be remembered as one of the most influential and effective Prime Ministers in New Zealand history.

大卫·兰格 (David Lange) 是种族隔离制度的强烈反对者，他公开反对各种形式的种族主义。他是一位孜孜不倦的社会正义活动家，并孜孜不倦地致力于改善普通新西兰人的生活。兰格将作为新西兰历史上最有影响力和最有效的总理之一而被人们铭记。

David Lange was a pivotal figure during the period known as Rogernomics in New Zealand.  Rogernomics, named after the ten Finance Minister, Sir Roger Douglas, was a set of economic policies implemented in the 1980s that aimed to deregulate the conomy, privatise state-owned enterprises and reduce government spending.  As Prime Minister, David Lange was instrumental in implementing Rogernomics, which resulted in significant economic growth and transformation.  He was committed to the principles behind Rogernomics and stood firm by them, even in difficult political and economic times.  He was also a strong supporter of free trde and foreign investment, helping to open up New Zealand to greater global trade.

The policies of Rogernomics caused a great deal of controversy in New Zealand, with some deriding it as ‘economic vandalism’ or ‘hypercapitalism’.  Despite the controversy, David Lange remained stalwart in his support for Rogernomics, and it secured his place in history as one of the most influential Prime Ministers of New Zealand.  His legacy will be remembered for generations.

Just a short note aside:  He refused to accept a Knighthood given to him, and remained an ordinary backbencher Member of Parliament after he voluntarily stepped down from his high office when his cabinet was not behind him when he saw that the effect of Rogernomics had caused hardship to the Man in the Street.

David Lange 是新西兰 Rogernomics 时期的关键人物。 Rogernomics 以十任财政部长 Roger Douglas 爵士的名字命名，是 1980 年代实施的一套经济政策，旨在放松对经济的管制，将国有企业私有化并减少政府开支。作为总理，大卫兰格在实施 Rogernomics 方面发挥了重要作用，这导致了显着的经济增长和转型。他致力于 Rogernomics 背后的原则，即使在困难的政治和经济时期也坚守这些原则。他还是自由贸易和外国投资的坚定支持者，帮助新西兰向更大的全球贸易开放。 
Rogernomics 的政策在新西兰引起了很大的争议，一些人嘲笑它是“经济破坏”或“超级资本主义”。尽管存在争议，大卫兰格仍然坚定地支持 Rogernomics，这确保了他作为新西兰最有影响力的总理之一的历史地位。他的遗产将被世世代代铭记。  
只是一个简短的注释：他拒绝接受授予他的骑士头衔，并且在他看到 Rogernomics 的影响导致他的内阁不支持他时自愿辞去他的高级职位后，仍然是一名普通的后座议员街上的人的苦难。