Chinese? A necessity. Maori? A Luxury. 中文？必要性。毛利文？奢侈品。

If you are living in New Zealand, both Chinese and Maori are necessities. We, kiwis in New Zealand, have to learn the only language that ties the country together. That, of course, is my own opinion.

Let us start this session with two simple Maori waiata (Maori songs).

如果您住在新西兰，那么中文和毛利文都是必需要学的。我们住在新西兰的人必须明白和练习将新西兰联系在一起的唯一语言。当然，这是我个人的观点。让我们以毛利的 waiata（毛利人的歌曲）开始本节。

Te Aroha - The Love - 有爱的心。https://youtu.be/2xJV-h-pCuo

Te Aroha (The Love) (有爱的心）

Te Whakapono (The Faith) （有好的信仰）

Me Te Rangimarie, (And the Peace) （有心里平安）

Tatou, tatou e. (Be amongst us all) （永远在每个人的生命中）

Aue te Aroha with English subtitles. https://youtu.be/cmKKpV0pRPo

Aue te Aroha. https://youtu.be/q1_o8HjZTAY

Basic differences in English, Chinese, and Maori Languages: # 1: Tense Marker. A Maori sentence has a tense marker at the beginning of a sentence to indicate whether we are saying something of the past, the past continuous, the present, the present continuous, or the future. The English language uses a declension of the verb to indicate the timing of an event. The Chinese language prefers to have additional character(s) next or close to the verb to denote the sense of time.

英文，中文和毛利语的基本区别：＃1：时态标记。毛利语句子的开头有一个时态标记，用于指示我们是在说过去，过去，现在，现在，还是将来。英语使用动词的变体表示事件的发生时间。中文更喜欢在动词旁边或附近加上其他字符来表示时间感。

Basic differences in English, Chinese, and Maori Languages: # 2: Sentence Structure. Maori sentences are usually in the form of - Tense Marker; Verb; Subject; linking conjunctions; Object. English sentences follow the pattern of - Subject; Adjective or describing word for the subject; Verb; Adverbs or describing word for the verb; and Predicate or other Objective words. The Chinese and English sentences are less precise compared to the Maori and the English sentences.
英文，中文和毛利语的基本区别：＃2：句子结构。毛利人的句子通常采用以下形式：-时态标记；动词;学科;链接连词；目的。英语句子遵循-主语；主题的形容词或形容词；动词;副词或动词的描述词；谓词或其他客观词。与毛利语和英语句子相比，中文和英语句子的准确性较差。

Basic differences in English, Chinese, and Maori Languages: # 3: Singular, Plural (two only), and Plural (three or more). In the Maori Language, a notable feature is a distinction between the plural of two and the plural of many. Chinese and English sentences do not have different words for singular and plural. Additional characters are used to indicate this difference.
英文，中文和毛利语的基本区别：＃3：单数，复数（仅两个）和复数（三个或更多）。在毛利语中，一个显着的特征是两个的复数和许多的复数之间的区别。中文和英文句子的单数和复数没有不同。附加字符用于指示这种差异。

Basic differences in English, Chinese, and Maori Languages # 4: Active and passive sentences. The Maori Language prefers to use passive cases more and in so doing the verbs have to change with suffices added to the common verbs. The Chinese and the English languages have no particular preference. The passive sentences have words like ‘by’ to describe the passive structure.
英文，中文和毛利语的基本区别＃4：主动和被动句子。毛利语更喜欢使用被动语态，在这样做时，动词必须随着普通动词添加的足够而改变。中文和英文没有特别的偏好。被动句中有诸如“ by”之类的词来描述被动结构。

Basic differences in English, Chinese, and Maori Language # 5: Vocabulary limitations. The Chinese Language has the richest amount of vocabulary words describing various situations, actions, and behaviors. English is also a language that has developed refined vocabulary words and phrases with subtle changes to suit various descriptive situations. In comparison, Maori words are a lot less in extent. This limitation of vocabulary words often results in the same pronunciation for words with different meanings rendering google translate sometimes totally inefficient.

英文，中文和毛利语的基本差异＃5：词汇限制。汉语的词汇量最多，可以描述各种情况，动作和行为。英语也是一种语言，它开发了精致的词汇和短语，并进行了微妙的更改以适应各种描述性情况。相比之下，毛利语的范围要小得多。词汇单词的这种局限性通常导致具有不同含义的单词具有相同的发音，从而导致google translate 有时效率低下。

Below are sentences learned last Wednesday at Unitec’s Kura Po’s Third Level (Toru) Class that illustrate the five basic differences.

以下是上周三在Unitec的Kura Po的第三级别（Toru）课堂上学习的句子，这些句子说明了五个基本区别。

Wednesday 29 - 07 - 2020. 星期三 29-07-2020

Tongi kura = spot treasure = 宝藏的要点

Maku ano toku nei whare e hanga I will fashion my own house,

Ko nga pou o roto he Mahoe he Patate The pole (pou) in my house will stand from trees of Mahoe and Patate [ Mahoe, Patate, and Hinau are inferior species of trees),

Ko te tahuhu he Hinau. The supporting pillars of the house of spine or ridge (tahuhu) Hinau.

我要盖自己的房子，
我家的电线杆（pou）将从 Mahoe 和 (Papat）的树上站立. [（Mahoe），（Papat）和（Hinau）是劣等树种]，脊柱或山脊（tahuhu）Hinau 房子的支撑柱。

ma te wa = till we meet again. = 直到我们再次见面。

I tunu ia i te aha? What did he cook? 他煮了什么？

I = tense marker - past. ” I ” 是代表 “过去” 时。

tunu = cook = 煮 ia = he / she = 他； 她； 祂。 aha = what = 怎么

Kua kai koe i te aha? What have you eaten? 你吃了什么？

kua = tense market - present continuous. “Kua” 是代表 “现在” 时。

koe = you = 你. kai = eat = 吃

I te oma raua ki te aha? What were they running into? 他们遇到了什么？

I te = past continuous. ” I te ” 是代表 “过去” 时。 oma = run = 跑. raua = they = 他们

Kei te korero koe i te aha? What are you talking about? 你在说什么？

Kei te = Tense marker - present. “Kei te” 是代表 “现在” 时。 korero = talk = 谈论

E panui ana koe i te aha? What are you reading? 你在读什么？https://youtu.be/QpCghbFJHvA

Tense marker - E ….. ana. = 代表 “现在” 时。

panui = read; report; news; announcing. = 读. koe = you = 你

Ko whakarongo koe i te aha? What will you be listening to? 你会听什么？

Ko = tense marker - future. 代表 “未来” 时。 whakarongo = listen. = 听

‘He’ is the correct starting word for What?
“He” 是 “What”的正确起始词？ He aha? = What? = 什么

He aha tena (there). 在那边. He aha tenei (here). 这里.

Rere mahi = homework. 家庭作业

I … past. ‘ I ‘ 过去式. Kua … present continuous. ‘Kau’ =. 现在进行时

I te … past continuous. ‘I te’ = 过去进行时

Kei te … and E ………. ana = present tense. ‘Kei te’ … 和. E ………. ana =现在时

Ka … future tense. Ka … 将来时.

I aha = what happened. 发生了什么.

Kua aha = what has just happened. 刚刚发生了什么

I te aha = what was happening. 发生了什么事

Kei te aha = what is happening. 怎么了? E aha ana = what is happening

Ka aha = what will happen? 会发生什么？

I aha koe? What did you do? 你做了什么？

Kua aha raua? What are they (two) doing? 他们两在做什么？

raua = they (two only) 他们两. ratou = they (more than two). 他们 (超过两个).

I te aha te Papa? What was Dad doing? 爸爸在做什么?

Kei te aha koe? What are you doing? 你在做什么？

E aha ana ia? What is he/she doing? 他/她在做什么？

Ka aha toku Mama? What will my Mom do? 我妈妈会做什么？

toku Mama = my Mom = 我妈妈.

I aha koe ki te whare? What did you do at the / to the home? 您在/家里做了什么？

What did you do in the house? Kua aha koe i te whare? 你在房子里做什么？

What have they just done to the tree? Kua aha taua ki te rakau? 他们刚刚对树做了什么？

What was Papa do to Hone. I te aha te Papa ki a Hone? 爸爸对荷恩做了什么。

What are you doing here? Kei te aha koe ki konei? 你在这里做什么？

What is he doing to the cat? E aha ana ia ki te ngeru? 他对猫做什么？

E aha koe ia ki te keke? What is she doing to the cake? 她在做什么蛋糕？

Kau oma raua ke te rakau. They both ran to the tree. 他们都跑到树上。

rakau = tree. = 树. oma = run =. 跑.

I te panui te Papa ki a Hone. Papa was reading to Hone. 爸爸正在读给Hone。

panui = read = 读. pukapuka = book. = 书.

I te panui te Papa i te pukapuka ki a Hone. Dad was reading the book to John. 爸爸正在读书给Hone。

Kei te aha koe ki konei? What are you doing here? 你在这里做什么？

I am studying here. Kei te ako au i konei. 我在这里学习.https://youtu.be/yeCnyD2bNqo

Ka kai toku Mama ki te keke. My Mom will eat the cake. 我妈妈会吃蛋糕。

TIME REFERENCE. 时间参考.

Inanahi = yesterday. 昨天. Inapo = last month. = 上个月.

wiki = week. 周。 marama = month. 月。

I tenei ra = This day, today. 今天。 tau = year. 年。

I tenei wa = At this time. 此时。 Inaianei = now. 现在。

Apopo = tomorrow. 明天。a rua rue = the same 相同。 Wikene = week end. 周末.

Nga ra whakata = Maori version of weekend. 周末.

Poupoutanga o te ra = mid-day, when the sun is at the top of the post. 中午时分，当太阳在职位的顶端。

Weherua tang o te po = midnight, where there is a separation in two of the night. 午夜，在两个晚上有间隔。

Ata = morning 早上 Ahiahi po = evening. 晚间.

po = night I te on Monday. A te on …. Monday. po = 晚上 po; I te on Monday = 过去的星期一晚上。….星期一

I te Rahina, = Monday. 星期一. A te Rahina, i haere … on Monday past. 过去的星期一.

A te Rahina, ka … I te Marama On Monday, then … In the Moon. 然后在星期一…在月球上.

I tera = that, in the past 过去. I tera wiki = last week. 上个星期.

A tera = that, in the future 将来. A tera wiki = next week. 下周。

Telling the time in Te Reo Maori. 告诉在Te Reo毛利人的时间.

mai i te. past the hour. 过了小时。 ki te (to the hour) to the hour. 还没过小时。

1 / 4. Hau wha or. Koata. 四分之一. 1 / 2. Hau rua or. Hawhe pahi. 一半.

hauwha mai ite = quarter past. 一刻。 haurua mai ite = half past 半。

miniti = minute 分种。 Ko te aha te wa? What is the time? 现在这么时间？

Ko te 1/4 mai i te ono karaka te wa. It was 1/4 from six o’clock.

mai i te ono karaka = A quarter past six o’clock. 六点一刻。

te wa = the time. 时间.

ono karaka = six o’clock. 六点.

Telling the time in Maori. https://youtu.be/_t5ALXLngsE

What is the time? https://youtu.be/RPB8gv2VD80